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TRAVELL AND SIMONS TRIGGER POINT REFERRAL PATTERNS ADDUCTOR PLUS

The referred pain does not follow dermatomes, and it cannot be explained by findings on a neurological examination.

Trigger point referral patterns follow no logical pattern whatsoever!.

TRIGGER POINTS ARE FASCINATING BECAUSE IN MANY WAYS THEY MAKE NO SENSE AT ALL.

Ok, not too exciting, right? But wait! There’s this one other thing:

Trigger points are often found in clusters or chains, and an active trigger point in one muscle can activate satellite trigger points in another muscle.

EMG studies in muscles with active trigger points indicate muscle weakness: the muscle starts out fatigued, it fatigues more rapidly and becomes exhausted sooner than muscles not harboring trigger points.

Clinical characteristics of trigger points include pain upon muscle contraction and limited range of motion.

Pain referred from a trigger point is deep, achy, and difficult to pinpoint.

A trigger point exhibits a local twitch response when needled.

The location of the point and the pattern of referral are predictable.

A trigger point must refer pain (or other symptoms) when compressed.

A trigger point is defined as “a highly irritable localized spot of exquisite tenderness in a nodule in a palpable taut band of muscle tissue.” 1 So a trigger point is a small part of the muscle, not an entire muscle in spasm. To be a trigger point, a taut muscle band must meet a number of criteria.

Trigger Point Activating and Perpetuating Factors: Trauma, persistent emotional stress, sudden overload of the muscle (improper stretching), running on unleveled ground, sitting for long periods of time with hips flexed and legs crossed.ĭifferential Diagnosis: Neuralgia, inguinal hernia, Prostate cancer, Prostatitis, Testicular cancer, (Segmental, Subluxation, Somatic dysfunction) L2 元 or L4 radiculopathy, Floating Patella, Knee effusion, Patella fracture, Charcot’s arthropathy, Obturator or Genitofemoral nerve entrapment, Pubic stress fracture, Pubic stress symphysitis, Muscle strain (groin pull), Osteoarthritis, Lymphedema, Lymphogranuloma venereum, Lymphatic cancer, Coxa Plana, Polymyalgia rheumatica, Eosinophilic fasciitis, Tetanus, Systemic infections or inflammation, Nutritional inadequacy, Metabolic imbalance, Toxicity, Side effects of medication.A trigger point is NOT simply a synonym for a tight muscle. This additionally serves to demonstrate the relationship between the adductors and the pelvic floor. Usually the individual notices difficulty as it pertains to lateral rotation rather than adduction, however, when the legs are significantly abducted, this may initiate severe groin pain and possible hip locking. Pain in the groin and the thigh during activity, pain increases on weight bearing or sudden hip rotation. Trigger Point Signs and Symptoms: Muscle stiffness or restriction of abduction. Additionally, the piriformis usually is hypertonic either as a result of a compensatory gait or as a part of a myotatic unit.Ĭlick on a small image to view an enlarged image Therefore, when the adductors are dysfunctional, the practitioner should examine the Obturator externus and should the Obturator externus be dysfunctional, the adductors should be examined. Satellite or associated triggers: Adductor Magnus, Pectineus and Vastus Medius.Īuthors' note: There is a commonality between triggers exhibited in the adductors and the pelvic floor.Distally, the pain is experienced slightly superior and medial to the knee in the vicinity of Hunter’s canal, and spills over into the anterior superior aspect of the tibia.

Primary: Travell and Simons make no distinction in the TrPs located in the Adductor longus and brevis, the pain is experienced proximally in the genitalia and the superior medial aspect of the thigh to the inguinal region.Travell and Simons Trigger Point Pain Referral: Vascular supply: Femoral Circumflex and Obturator arteries. Accessory Movers: Adductor longus and magnus (anterior part), Gracilis, Gluteus minimus.Īntagonist: Gluteus maximus, Adductor magnus (posterior part).Prime Movers: Iliopsoas, Pectineus, Tensor fasciae latae, Adductor brevis, Sartorius.Insertion: Attaches to the medial half of the medial lip of the linea asperaĪction: Adducts and assists in flexing the thigh.Origin: Attaches to the anterior surface of the pubis near the pubic symphysis.The Adductor Longus is a muscle of the medial thigh.

TRAVELL AND SIMONS TRIGGER POINT REFERRAL PATTERNS ADDUCTOR PLUS

The Pointer Plus is an easy to use trigger point (TP) locator which incorporates a push button stimulation feature to immediately treat Trigger point pain.